Definitions are consistent, but the cases are not normalized to one city, staffing level, building or sales unit. Annual forecasts and monthly unit-economics sensitivities can use different fixed-cost assumptions.
Bakery: scope, limitations and input evidence
Illustrative modeled scenario. This StartFigures scenario models a 1,400 sq ft leased retail bakery trading six days per week. Mature monthly sales are $12.40 per transaction × 185 daily transactions × six days × 4.33 weeks = $59,598.12. Sales begin at 52% of mature volume and increase by 3.5 percentage points each month, capped at 100%. Years 1–3 sum the corresponding twelve-month periods of this ramp. Food and packaging cost 30% of sales, leaving a 70% contribution margin. Payroll is $243,100 annually from opening, including working-owner labor and employer costs; overhead is $140,996 annually. Together they equal $32,008 in monthly fixed operating costs. Each expense is counted once. Annual figures round to whole USD after monthly aggregation. Years 4–5 assume further sales growth and higher payroll and overhead; the calculator holds costs constant to describe the opening ramp and Year 3. The $260,000 opening budget and $133,500–$480,000 range are illustrative project scopes, not independently verified national averages. Local lease quotes, a paid staffing roster, waste, production capacity and demand must be checked. The seven-FTE staffing target is not evidence that the payroll allowance can cover local hiring needs. Sources provide occupational and budget-planning context rather than verification of the selected amounts. Interest, tax, depreciation, amortization, loan principal, replacement capital, working-capital timing and owner distributions are excluded. Operating break-even does not establish cash-flow break-even or recovery of the opening investment. These website calculations have not been checked against a purchased workbook. The practical decision is whether ordinary weekday orders can fund production, counter coverage and the working owner within the stated payroll. BLS employee wages do not price self-employed owner work or establish this seven-FTE roster. Test recipes from purchased quantities through usable yield, sold portions and unsold production; the 30% food-and-packaging share has no separately verified waste rate. Obtain delivered equipment and fit-out bids and identify rent, recoveries, utilities, card fees and maintenance within the overhead allowance. Redesign the scope or defer commitment if paid coverage exceeds the allowance, achievable orders remain below the operating threshold, or confirmed cash cannot fund the next payroll and project payments.
Opening allocation. Build-out and equipment carry most of the opening cost. The $42,000 working capital reserve is a planning allowance. The sales ramp produces about $41,630 of cumulative operating losses before the first profitable month, leaving little buffer for collection delays, financing or unexpected costs. A separate cash-flow forecast is needed to test whether the reserve is adequate.
Annual forecast. One operating base links the first 36 monthly periods to Years 1–3. A $12.40 ticket, 185 mature transactions per day and six days per week use 4.33 weeks per month (51.96 per year). Sales start at 52% of mature volume and add 3.5 percentage points each month, capped at 100% in month 15. Food and packaging are 30% of revenue; the full annual $243,100 paid-labor allowance and $140,996 overhead run from opening. Years 4–5 retain the separately authored growth and funded expense schedules. All figures are assumptions; EBITDA is not owner cash.
The evidence register explains the assumptions behind each budget, forecast and calculator input. “Assumption” means the amount was selected for the scenario; the linked reference does not independently establish that amount.
Assumption: Opening budget
The $260,000 opening budget covers the modeled bakery launch. The $133,500–$480,000 range represents different premises and equipment scopes. These amounts are planning assumptions; SBA provides a budgeting framework rather than project quotes. The $42,000 reserve is close to the modeled $41,630 cumulative operating loss before the first profitable month. Financing, cash timing and unexpected costs can require additional funding.
- Total opening budget
- Lower opening budget
- Upper opening budget
- Build-out and equipment
- Working capital reserve
- People and inventory
- Admin, legal and launch
- POS, furniture, signage
[sba-startup]Assumption: Annual forecast
Years 1–3 sum months 1–12, 13–24 and 25–36 of the sales ramp. Revenue is $509,564, $710,112 and $715,177 respectively. Food and packaging cost 30% of sales, rounded to whole USD. Annual payroll is $243,100 from opening, including working-owner labor and employer costs; annual overhead is $140,996. Together they equal $32,008 × 12. Years 4–5 assume revenue of $751,000 and $789,000 with higher payroll and overhead, rather than constant Year 3 costs. These are scenario assumptions. BLS and SBA provide context rather than verification of the selected values.
- Revenue (Years 1–5)
- Food and packaging (Years 1–5)
- Payroll incl. taxes (Years 1–5)
- Occupancy and other operating (Years 1–5)
[bls-bakers][sba-startup]Assumption: Operating assumptions
The base case uses a $12.40 average ticket, 185 daily transactions, six trading days per week and 4.33 weeks per month. Sensitivities test a $9–$16 ticket, 120–250 daily transactions and five–seven trading days. Sales start at 52% of mature volume and increase by 3.5 percentage points monthly; maturity occurs in month 15 within the 18-month chart. Food and packaging cost 30% of sales, leaving a 70% contribution margin. Payroll and overhead total $384,096 annually, or $32,008 monthly. Break-even revenue is $45,725.71 per month, requiring 142 whole daily transactions at the base ticket and schedule. The ramp first covers fixed operating costs in month 9. Price, demand, staffing capacity and the ramp require local validation.
- Average ticket (base scenario)
- Average ticket (lower sensitivity)
- Average ticket (upper sensitivity)
- Transactions per day (base scenario)
- Transactions per day (lower sensitivity)
- Transactions per day (upper sensitivity)
- Trading days per week (base scenario)
- Trading days per week (lower sensitivity)
- Trading days per week (upper sensitivity)
- Monthly fixed operating costs
- Contribution margin
- Opening sales as a share of mature volume
- Monthly increase toward mature volume
- Forecast horizon (months)
[bls-bakers][sba-startup]Coffee Shop: scope, limitations and input evidence
Illustrative modeled scenario. We model a 1,000 sq ft leased neighborhood cafe trading six days per week, with a five-FTE maturity target and paid working-owner labor within the payroll allowance. The $8.50 basket assumes beverages with some food purchases; 210 mature daily transactions and the price/volume bounds are selected planning inputs, not observations. Broad vendor guidance supplies alternative opening scopes, not project quotes: the low case uses a fitted counter-service site; the high case uses a larger primary-metro shop with extensive renovation and new equipment. The $155,000 base allocation, its line items and $28,000 reserve remain assumptions. The annual forecast uses roughly 70%, 91%, 100%, 105% and 110% of its Year 3 sales base. Annual product cost is about 28% of revenue; Year 3 payroll and overhead total $307,000. The separate web sensitivity uses a 36% variable-cost envelope and $306,000 of annualized fixed costs, starts at 52% of full-volume sales and adds 3.5 percentage points monthly. It uses 4.33 weeks per month. The unallocated difference between these cost boundaries is not a verified processing or waste allowance; resolve it from invoices, recipe yields, payment statements and the actual roster before selecting one decision budget. The calculator holds contribution and fixed costs constant as price, transactions and days change; it does not change annual staffing or test peak queues. Its opening operating deficit exceeds the listed reserve, while the lighter annual staffing allowances have no complete opening shift schedule. Neither path certifies the bank balance. BLS baker duties are context for any food preparation, not a barista wage quote; food-service management and IRS guidance identify work and employer taxes without verifying local rates, benefit costs or coverage. A timed morning rush must include preparation, food handling, cleaning, breaks and closing. Replace occupancy with base rent, recoveries, utilities, insurance, software and maintenance. Redesign or defer the site if achievable ordinary orders, safe peak capacity and a fully paid roster cannot cover one another. Loan principal, interest, tax, capital replacement, working-capital timing and owner distributions require a separate dated cash plan. These website illustrations do not establish the formulas or inventory of a purchased file.
Opening allocation. The $155,000 opening allocation includes a $28,000 reserve. All amounts require delivered site and equipment quotes. The separate constant-cost calculator ramp produces cumulative operating losses larger than that reserve; the lighter annual payroll schedule is a different case and does not prove cash sufficiency.
Annual forecast. Every annual row is a selected scenario. Years 1 and 2 use about 70% and 91% of Year 3 sales, with lower payroll and overhead allowances; Years 4 and 5 add chosen sales and cost growth. Product costs are about 28% of sales. The calculator instead uses a 36% sales-linked cost envelope, $25,500 monthly fixed costs and its own monthly ramp. Its results are a separate sensitivity, not the monthly cash flow behind this annual table.
The evidence register explains the assumptions behind each budget, forecast and calculator input. “Assumption” means the amount was selected for the scenario; the linked reference does not independently establish that amount.
Assumption: Opening budget
Selected opening allocation and alternative site/equipment scopes. Broad vendor guidance and the SBA budgeting method do not supply delivered bids for this cafe. The $28,000 reserve is smaller than the separate constant-cost ramp deficit. Confirm lease, installed equipment, deposits, launch spending and dated funding before treating it as available runway.
- Total opening budget
- Lower opening budget
- Upper opening budget
- Build-out and equipment
- Working capital reserve
- Furniture and service counter
- Deposits, permits and launch
- Opening stock and training
[coffee-equipment][sba-startup]Assumption: Annual forecast
All 20 annual values are selected assumptions. Sales use approximately 70%, 91%, 100%, 105% and 110% of the Year 3 base; product costs are about 28% of sales. The opening payroll and overhead allowances are lower than maturity and do not specify a complete shift roster. These annual values differ from the constant-cost monthly sensitivity; neither BLS nor vendor budgeting guidance verifies local demand, cafe wages or this schedule.
- Revenue (Years 1–5)
- Coffee, milk, food and packaging (Years 1–5)
- Payroll incl. taxes (Years 1–5)
- Occupancy and other operating (Years 1–5)
[coffee-equipment][bls-bakers][sba-startup]Assumption: Operating assumptions
Chosen $8.50 ticket, 210 daily transactions and six trading days, with the published price, volume and schedule bounds. The 64% contribution margin implies a 36% variable-cost envelope, while $25,500 is the selected monthly fixed cost. The monthly ramp starts at 52% of full volume and adds 3.5 percentage points, reaching full volume in month 15. These inputs are a separate sensitivity from annual product costs and staged payroll, with no verified component breakdown or local launch observations.
- Average ticket (base scenario)
- Average ticket (lower sensitivity)
- Average ticket (upper sensitivity)
- Transactions per day (base scenario)
- Transactions per day (lower sensitivity)
- Transactions per day (upper sensitivity)
- Trading days per week (base scenario)
- Trading days per week (lower sensitivity)
- Trading days per week (upper sensitivity)
- Monthly fixed operating costs
- Contribution margin
- Opening sales as a share of mature volume
- Monthly increase toward mature volume
- Forecast horizon (months)
[coffee-equipment][bls-bakers][sba-startup]